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Permit extension

Your residence permit expires. You wish to extend your residence permit. What are the conditions? And how does the application procedure work?

Do you have an asylum permit? Go to the page extension temporary asylum permit.

Can I extend my residence permit?

The front of your residence permit shows the purpose of stay of your residence permit. Do you have one of the following residence permits? Then you cannot extend this residence permit, valid for 1 year.

    • Working Holiday Program/ Working Holiday Scheme
    • Exchange private organisation
    • Au pair
    • Stay as a trainee or apprentice
    • Orientation year for highly educated persons
    • UK service suppliers and independent professionals under the EU-UK Trade Agreement

    A residence permit with the purpose of stay seasonal work has a maximum duration of stay of 24 weeks. An extension is only possible if you have had the permit for less than 24 weeks.

    Are you already 5 years in the Netherlands? And do you want to apply for a permanent residence permit? You have to do another application.

    When can I extend my residence permit?

    You can submit the application form 3 months before your residence permit expires. This will give the IND sufficient time to make a decision. In case of a positive decision, your new residence permit will be ready in time.

    Is your residence permit still valid for more than 3 months? Then you cannot yet submit an application to extend your stay. The IND is then unable to make a proper assessment.

    Online applicationLogo DigiD

    Do you have a residence permit for which a recognised sponsor is required, such as study or highly skilled migrant? The recognised sponsor (your employer or educational institution for instance) will have to submit the application for the extension of your residence permit. You cannot do this yourself.

    Conditions

    The IND will check whether you still meet the conditions associated with your residence permit. There are certain conditions that apply to everyone. In addition:

    • You currently have a valid Dutch residence permit.
    • You wish to extend this residence permit with the purpose of stay you now have.
    • You have your main residence in the Netherlands.
    • Your situation has not changed. These are changes that could be of influence on your right to stay. For example:
      • You have a residence permit to stay with your spouse and you are now divorced. This means you no longer meet the conditions of your residence permit. You cannot extend your residence permit.
      • You have a residence permit for work in paid employment, however, you no longer have any work.

      If your situation has changed, you cannot extend your residence permit. You can, however, change your residence permit.

       

1. Submit application and payment

Online or by post

Online
You can submit your application online 3 months before your residence permit expires. You need a DigiD with SMS code. At present, applying online for an extension is not yet possible for all purposes of stay. You pay the costs (fees) of the application directly upon submitting the application online. You can pay with iDEAL.

By post
Can you or do you prefer not to submit the application online? You can then submit the application by post. You can download the application form from this page in the block 'Applications forms and costs'. You can submit your application from 3 months before your residence permit expires.

After you have submitted the application, you will receive a letter to pay the costs (fees).

Receive mail quickly online with the Messagebox

You can also receive your mail from IND online with the Messagebox. This is your personal mailbox from MijnOverheid. Government organisations place messages for you in this box. You receive an e-mail when you have mail from the IND. You can arrange it easily on www.ind.nl/message-box.

Did you (or your sponsor) receive a letter (acknowledgement of receipt) from the IND? Then you can make an appointment in order to provide your biometric information (photo and fingerprints).

2. Complete the application form

You apply for recognition with the application form. You can find the form below, under 'Application forms and costs'. Please enclose all requested documents and send the complete application to the IND.

After your application has been received, the IND sends a confirmation letter. The confirmation letter states the date the IND has received your application. It also states the period within which the IND makes a decision.

3. Decision

The IND checks whether you meet all conditions. The IND has to decide within a period of 90 days.

  • Negative decision
    If you do not meet all conditions, the IND will not extend your residence permit. This decision is given in the form of a letter: the formal decision. You may submit an application for review.
  • Positive decision
    If you meet all conditions the IND will extend your residence permit. You will receive a letter from the IND when you can collect the residence permit.

Application forms

Application for extension of the period of validity of residence permit for residence as family member or relative (sponsor)7533

​Use this form when the sponsor (partner or parent) starts the application for extension. You also use this form to start the application for extension for extended family reunification and for parents who stay with their child.

You can also start this application online. You need to have a DigiD with SMS code. Choose Apply online.

The online application or the application form lists the declarations and documents you need to enclose with your application.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible.
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself.

Costs application

This application costs € 207. 

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Application for extension of the period of validity of residence permit for residence as family member or relative (foreign national)7536

​Use this form when the sponsor (partner or parent) starts the application for extension. You also use this form to start the application for extension for extended family reunification and for parents who stay with their child.

You can also start this application online. You need to have a DigiD with SMS code. Choose Apply online.

The online application or the application form lists the declarations and documents you need to enclose with your application.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible.
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself.

Costs application

This application costs € 207. 

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Aanvraag verlenging gecombineerde vergunning voor verblijf en arbeid (GVVA) Single Permit (foreign national)7048

​Use this form if you yourself start the application for extension of your GVVA. This form is only available in Dutch.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345. Sometimes other costs apply.

Did you change employers and is your residence permit valid voor 3 months or less? You apply for extension. You do not have to pay for the extension.

Download  

Application for extension of residence permit for work-related purposes of residence (foreign national)7535

Use this form to start your application for extension of your residence permit to work (not single permit). You can extend the following residence permits:

  • paid employment (not Single Permit)
  • intra concern transferee
  • cross-border service provider
  • non-privileged military or non-privileged civil personnel
  • work as a self-employed
  • holder European blue card.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Aanvraag verlenging gecombineerde vergunning voor verblijf en arbeid (GVVA) Single permit (sponsor)7047

Use this form if your employer starts the application for extension of your GVVA. This form is only available in Dutch.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345. Sometimes other costs apply.

Did you change employers and is your residence permit valid voor 3 months or less? You apply for extension. You do not have to pay for the extension.

Download  

Application for extension of residence permit for work-related purposes of residence (sponsor)7532

Use this form if your employer starts the application for extension.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Aanvraag verlenging verblijfsvergunning voor het verblijfsdoel ‘arbeid in loondienst – Aziatische horeca’ (sponsor)7057

Please note! You can only use this form if you had a residence permit for ‘arbeid in loondienst – Aziatische horeca’ prior to 1 January 2022. If your residence permit was granted on or after a January 2022, please use form 7047 (employer) or 7048 (foreign national).

Use this form if your employer starts the application for extension. This form is only available in Dutch.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of ‘paid employment’ (recognised sponsor)7510

Use this form if your recognised employer starts the application for extension.

The application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of stay 'Intra Corporate Transfer' (Directive 2014/66/EU) (recognised sponsor)7560

​Use this form if your employer starts the application extension Directive 2014/66/EU (Intra Corporate Transferees) and your employer is recognised as a sponsor. Your employer can also start the application online.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Application for the purpose of stay 'Intra Corporate Transfer/Mobile ICT' (Directive 2014/66/EU) (recognised sponsor)7563

Use this form if your employer starts the application extension Directive 2014/66/EU (Intra Corporate Transferees) and your employer is recognised as a sponsor. Your employer can also start the application online.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of ‘highly skilled migrant’ (recognised sponsor)7511

Use this form if your employer starts the application extension highly skilled migrant and your employer is recognised as a sponsor. Your employer can also start the application online.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of holder of a European blue card' (recognised sponsor)7513

​Use this form if your employer starts the application extension holder EU blue card and your employer is recognised as a sponsor.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of 'scientific researcher' (recognised sponsor)7512

Use this form if your employer starts the application extension scientific researcher and your employer is recognised as a sponsor.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs [Wetenschappelijk onderzoeker Richtlijn 2005/71/EG$uitzonderingsbedrag1].

Sometimes other costs apply.

Apply online  Download  

Aanvraag voor het verblijfsdoel ‘arbeid in loondienst’ (sponsor)7042

Use this form if your employer starts your application for extension of your residence permit to work in employment. This form is only available in Dutch.

The online application or the application form shows which declarations and documents you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 345.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of ‘study’ - Higher education (recognised sponsor)7504

Your educational institution uses this form to start your application for extension.

Checklist documents

The educational institution has a list of documents that you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

Costs application

This application costs € 207. Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of ‘study’ - Secondary and vocational education (recognised sponsor)7505

Your educational institution uses this form to start your application for extension Secondary and vocational education.

Checklist documents

The educational institution has a list of documents that you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

Costs application

This application costs € 207.

Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for the purpose of residence of ‘study’ - International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (recognised sponsor)7506

Your educational institution uses this form to start your application for extension International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme.

Checklist documents

The educational institution has a list of documents that you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

Costs application

This application costs € 207. Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for extension of residence permit for study at institution for secondary or senior vocational education (foreign national)7534

​Use this form if you yourself are going to apply for an extension. Make sure that your educational institution is not also applying for an extension on your behalf.

Checklist documents

The educational institution has a list of documents that you need.

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible (clear enough to be read).
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 207. Sometimes other costs apply.

Download  

Application for extension of residence permit for economically inactive long-term third country national from outside the EU (foreign national)7538

​Use this form if you wish to extend your stay as an economically inactive long-term resident.

Checklist documents

The application form lists the documents that you have to enclose with the application. 

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible.
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

This application costs € 207.

Download  

Application for extension of temporary or permanent humanitarian residence permit (foreign national)7537

​Use this form if you wish to extend your residence permit humanitarian temporary or humanitarian non-temporary.

Checklist documents

The application form lists the documents that you have to enclose with the application. 

You have to have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German.

How to send documents to the IND:

  • You only send copies of your documents, single-sided and on A4 paper.
  • The copies must be complete and legible.
  • Write down your V-number or client number on each copy. If you do not know these numbers, then please write your name and date of birth on each copy.
  • Do not send USB sticks, CDs or DVDs.
  • You keep the original documents yourself. You have to show these documents to the Dutch representation abroad.

Costs application

  • The application for extension of the residence permit medical treatment costs € 387.
  • The application for extension of other residence permits humanitarian temporary costs € 0.
  • The application for extension of the residence permit through no fault of your own costs € 349.
  • The application for extension of the residence permit for long-term resident children and family members costs € 177.
  • The application for extension of the residence permit humanitarian non-temporary (continued residence) costs € 387.

Since 2013 this amount also applies when you have a residence permit RANOV.

  • The application for extension of the residence permit humanitarian non-temporary after a stay as a family member costs € 207. Children under 18 pay € 69.
  • The application for extension of the residence permit humanitarian temporary under Article 8 of the Remigration Act costs € 69. You also pay this amount for the extension of the residence permit humanitarian temporary before you return to your country of residence according to the Remigration Act. In this last situation the SVB will need to agree with the extension.
  • Do you have the Turkish nationality? Your application costs.

Apply online  Download  

After the application

Collect your residence permit

The IND will send you a letter to inform you when you can collect the residence permit. For this, you have to make an appointment online at the IND desk stated in the letter. Keep in mind that it is not always possible to visit an IND desk at short notice. Therefore, please schedule an appointment in time.

Check to see if the information on the residence permit is correct while you are still at the IND desk. If something is incorrect, inform the IND staff member at once.

The validity of the new extended residence permit depends on the kind of permit you have. And the purpose for which you have received the residence permit. The maximum validity is 5 years. But your residence permit may be valid for a shorter period.

My residence permit has expired. What must I do?

If your residence permit has expired, you must submit an extension as soon as possible. Because you submit the application after your residence permit has expired, it is possible you may be faced with a residence gap.
You can do this up to a reasonable period of 2 years after the expiration of your permit. Has your residence permit expired for more than 2 years? The IND then rejects your application for a extension.

Did you apply for an extension? Then you can apply for a residence endorsement sticker at the IND desk. This sticker is placed in your passport. With this sticker you can prove that you are allowed to live in the Netherlands.

Do you not have a passport? And is it not possible to get one? You can apply for a Vreemdelingen Identiteitsbewijs.


My residence permit has expired. I have applied for an extension. Am I still allowed to work?

Were you allowed to work with your previous residence permit? Then you may continue to do so providing that you have submitted your application for extension in time. Meaning that we have received it before the expiration date of your previous permit.

My GVVA- single permit (residence permit and an additional document.) has expired. I have applied for an extension. Am I still allowed to work?

For employees for whom, after 5 April 2017, a renewal application GVVA has been submitted, it is, under specific conditions and pending the decision of the application, possible for them to keep working for their employer.

They must have a residence sticker (VA sticker) with an indication of work status placed in their passport. With this VA-sticker in the passport, the employee can then show that he is staying legitimately in the Netherlands and is allowed to work. If the application for renewal can be granted, then the GVVA (including the supplementary document) will be linked, in principle, to the earlier GVVA.

Conditions
The worker may, pending the decision on the application for renewal, keep working if:

  • the application is submitted in time, that is, if the request is received by the IND before expiration of the period of validity of the previously granted GVVA;
  • the employee continues to do the same work for the same employer; and
  • there is a VA sticker placed in the passport, with which it can be demonstrated that he is allowed to keep working for his employer.

    Requesting an extension on time
    It is advisable to submit a renewal request for the GVVA for your employee on time, that is about 3 months before the expiration of the GVVA. The IND will then, in most cases, have ruled on the request before the period of validity of the previously granted GVVA has expired. In that case, the employee does not need to apply for a VA-sticker. The IND needs a total of 90 days to process a GVVA request, the so-called 'statutory period.' The statutory period of 5 weeks, in which the UWV formulates an opinion, is part of this. The IND does strive to make a decision on a fully submitted GVVA application within 7 weeks.

    Making an appointment
    To request a VA sticker at the IND desk, the employee must make an appointment by telephone. Please take into account that it may take some time before you are given an appointment at the IND desk, and make your appointment well before the end of the period of validity of the GVVA.

I have applied for an extension. Can I go on holiday abroad?

Is your residence permit still valid on the day you return to the Netherlands? It is then OK to travel. You do need to have a valid travel document. For example, a passport. You also have to take your residence permit with you when you travel.

Has your residence permit already expired? Then sometimes a return visa is needed to return to the Netherlands. You have to make an appointment for this.

Do you have an asylum residence permit and are you travelling to your country of origin? Then you are indicating that you do not need the protection of the Dutch government any longer. The IND can revoke your residence permit.

I have been outside the Netherlands for more than 3 months. Can I still apply for an extension?

For an application to extend your stay, the IND checks whether you have changed your main residence . Have you changed your main residence? The IND will then not extend your residence permit. You will have to apply for a new residence permit.

​Video

How do I complete an online application?

Validity residence permit

​On the front of your residence permit is written 'geldig tot' (valid until) with a date. This is the date until which your residence permit is valid. For example: you residence permit mentions 31 May 2019 under 'geldig tot'. After 31 May 2019 your residence permit is not valid anymore. You have to leave the Netherlands before or on this date or apply for extension before 31 May 2019 (however, the IND advises to apply for extension at the latest 3 months before the residence permit expires, thus at the latest 2 March 2019 in this example).

DigiD with SMS code

Nowadays you can arrange many things yourself on government websites. With DigiD you log in to your personal account on government websites. Your DigiD consists of a username and password that you both choose yourself. Don't have a DigiD yet? Request this on www.digid.nl.

​To apply for a residence permit online you need to have a DigiD with SMS code. After logging in with your DigiD you will receive an SMS with a code. You will have to fill out this code as well to get access to the online application forms.

Do you have a DigiD but no SMS code verification? Please go to Mijn DigiD and log in. Choose 'Extra sms-controle aanvragen' and enter your mobile phone number. Within 5 days you receive a letter with an activation code. Activate the sms control functionality on the website of DigiD with this activation code.

formal decision

​A formal letter with the decision on your application.

Residence gap

​A residence gap means that the validity of your residence permits is not continuous. To start an application for permanent residence or a request for Dutch citizenship you must have 5 years continuous residence. With a residence gap your residence is not continuous anymore. You again have to build up 5 years of continuous residence.

For example: your residence permit has expired on 31 May 2016. You have applied for extension on 5 June 2016. You new residence permit is issued with a starting date of 5 June 2016. You have a residence gap between 31 May 2016 and 5 June 2016. Starting on 5 June 2016 you again need to have a valid residence permit for five years. In this example, you thus have to wait until 5 June 2021 before you can apply for permanent residence or Dutch nationality.