Becoming a Dutch national through option
Requirements
The option procedure is a quick way to become a Dutch citizen . You can apply for option at your municipality with an option declaration.
Persons who can apply for option
Not everyone can obtain Dutch nationality through option. You can only apply for option if one of the following situations applies to you:
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You were born in the Kingdom of the Netherlands
open minus- You were born in the Kingdom of the Netherlands and have always lived in the Kingdom. You have now reached the age of majority and have a valid residence permit.
- You were born without citizenship (stateless) in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. You have live in the Kingdom for at least 3 consecutive years with a valid residence permit.
- You are younger than 21 years old and were born without citizenship (stateless) in the Kingdom of the Netherlands. You cannot reasonably obtain another nationality. Immediately before your option declaration, you had your main residence in the Netherlands for at least 5 consecutive years. You have a permanent main residence if you meet all 3 of the following points:
- You have actually lived in the Kingdom for at least 5 consecutive years.
- You and your parents have always actively participated in the departure process.
- You and your parents have always remained in the attention of the Dutch State.
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You are recognised by or are under the authority of a Dutch person
open minus- You are a minor and acknowledged by a Dutch citizen. You have not become Dutch through the acknowledgement. This Dutch citizen has cared for you and raised you for at least 3 years without interruption on the date of your option declaration.
- You have been under the joint authority of a non-Dutch parent and a Dutch parent since birth. Dutch law has determined that your parents have joint authority over you, or this has been ruled by a judge in the Netherlands. You can apply for option if you meet the following requirements:
- Since the parental authority was determined, the Dutch parent has cared for you and raised you for at least 3 years without interruption.
- You do not live in the country of which you are a national.
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You have been living in the Netherlands for a long time
open minus- You have lived in the Kingdom of the Netherlands since the day you turned 4 years old. You have always had a valid residence permit. You have now reached the age of majority.
- You have been living in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for at least 15 consecutive years with a valid residence permit and you have been the married or registered partner of a Dutch citizen for at least 3 years.
- You have lived in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for at least 15 consecutive years with a valid residence permit. You are now 65 years or older.
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You were born before 1 January 1985 from or adopted by a Dutch mother, or you are the child of this person
open minus- You were born to a Dutch mother before 1 January 1985. Your father did not have Dutch nationality at the time of your birth.
- A woman who had Dutch nationality at the time adopted you before 1 January 1985. You were a minor at the time. A court in the Kingdom of the Netherlands pronounced the adoption.
- You are a child of a person who was born before 1 January 1985 from or adopted by a Dutch mother. You are a child of this person by birth, adoption, acknowledgement or court ruling. Contact your municipality to find out whether you can indeed become Dutch through the option.
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You had Dutch nationality before (former Dutch citizen)
open minus- You have lost your Dutch nationality because you married a non-Dutch man before 1 January 1985. You and your husband are now divorced, or your husband has died. You make the option declaration within 1 year after the end of your marriage. You do not need to live in the Kingdom for this.
- You are a former Dutch citizen. You have been living in the Kingdom of the Netherlands for at least 1 year with a valid permanent residence permit or a temporary residence permit with a non-temporary purpose of residence. If you previously lost your Dutch nationality because you did not renounce your other nationality, you cannot apply for option.
- You are a former Dutch citizen because you automatically lost your Dutch nationality. As a result, you are no longer a citizen of the European Union (EU). The consequences of the loss of your Union citizenship were disproportionate at that time. Disproportionate means that the consequences of this loss are so heavy that it should not have happened. You must prove that you used your rights as a citizen of the Union 6 months before the loss or that you would have used your rights as a citizen of the Union in the 6 months after the loss. It concerns, for example:
- the ability to travel freely within the EU
- the ability to give meaning to your family life
- the ability to practice your profession
- the ability to continue your studies
- what is best for your children under 18 living in the EU.
Additional requirements for option
In addition, the following requirements apply when applying for option:
- You prove your identity and nationality with valid documents, for example, a passport and birth certificate.
- You pose no danger to public order or the national security of the Kingdom.
- You make the Declaration of Solidarity (in Dutch: Verklaring van verbondenheid) during the naturalisation ceremony. With the Declaration of Solidarity, you show that you know that the laws of the Kingdom of the Netherlands also apply to you.
- Only if you have lived in the Kingdom since the day you turned 4 years old: you must renounce the nationality you currently have. Before applying for option, read whether you have to renounce your nationality and what this means.
Option and children
Your child under the age of 18 can apply for Dutch nationality together with you. You fill this in on the option declaration. Your child must live in the Netherlands at the time of the application with a valid residence permit. Children aged 16 and 17 must be present when applying. They must state that they agree with the application. Minor children do not have to renounce their other nationality.
Post-naturalisation of a child
Was your child born during your procedure? Procedure is the time between the application and the decision that you will be granted Dutch nationality. Then you should apply for post-naturalisation for your child. Your child must live in the Netherlands with a valid residence permit for a non-temporary residence purpose. If you are applying for post-naturalisation within 1 year after you have been granted Dutch nationality, then the application for your child is free of charge.
Process and costs
The application procedure consists of the following steps:
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1. Check requirements open minusA valid provisional residence permit (MVV) is needed for this application
Make sure you meet the requirements.
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1. Check requirements open minusMake sure you meet the requirements.
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2. Collect documents open minusYou use documents to show that you meet the requirements for naturalisation. You should have official foreign documents legalised and translated into Dutch, English, French or German. If your foreign documents are already registered in the Personal Records Database (BRP), you do not need to request the documents again abroad.
You need the following documents:
- Valid passport or other travel document.
- Birth certificate from your country of birth.
- If applicable, a valid residence permit or other proof of legal residence. If you have the nationality of a country of the EU, EEA or Switzerland then you do not need a residence permit. The municipality will check how long you have lived in the Netherlands via the Personal Records Database (BRP).
- Documents showing that you meet the situation on the basis of which you are applying for option. Ask your municipality which documents these are.
- In case a child under the age of 18 is included in a parents’ application for naturalisation:
- The same documents of your child.
- Is only 1 parent applying for naturalisation? Then the other parent must go to the municipality to give permission in a declaration for including the child in the application for naturalisation. That parent must also submit a copy of the residence permit.
You have lived in several areas of the Kingdom
If you have lived in several areas of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, then you must prove with documents that you have lived in those other areas of the Kingdom. The Kingdom of the Netherlands consists of:
- Netherlands
- Aruba
- Curaçao
- St. Maarten
- Bonaire
- Saint Eustatius
- Saab
No passport or birth certificate
You can apply for a passport and birth certificate from the government of your country. If you are unable to obtain a passport or birth certificate, you may be able to invoke lack of documentary evidence.
Identity and nationality
To become a Dutch citizen, you must prove your identity and nationality. If there is any doubt about the personal data or nationality you provided, your request can be rejected. If the municipality doubts the identity or nationality due to incorrect statements by the parent(s), then the municipality will not reject the request, but will assume the identity and nationality provided when the minor child received the residence permit.
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3. Apply open minusYou apply for option at the municipality where you live. A municipal employee will discuss all the requirements with you and check whether you have all the documents. If anything is missing or you need to find out something first, then the municipality will make a new appointment with you.
Complete the application form
You complete the application form together with the municipal employee. In addition, you sign the following declarations:
- A Declaration of Willingness to make the Declaration of Solidarity. By making this declaration, you declare that you know that the laws of the Kingdom of the Netherlands also apply to you.
- Are you requesting option because you have lived in the Kingdom of the Netherlands since the day you turned 4 years old?
- If you have to renounce the nationality you currently have: a declaration that you will renounce it when you become Dutch.
- If you have an exemption from renouncing your nationality: a statement that you do not want to renounce and why you want exemption.
Children's co-option
Do you have children under 18 and do you also want to apply for option for them,?Then let this know at the appointment with the municipality. Your children will then be added to the application. This is called co-option. You must bring children aged 12 and older to the appointment. Is your child 16 or 17 years old? Then your child must tell the municipality personally whether it also wants to become Dutch. Minor children do not have to renounce their other nationality.
Determining your name
It is possible that your name needs to be determined. This means that your first name and last name will be determined together with you. You fill out a form stating the first name and the surname (family name) you would like to have. If you are unsure whether your name needs to be determined, your municipality can give you more information.
Changing your name
When you apply for naturalisation, you may request to change your surname or your surname and first name. Changing your name is possible if it is important for your civic integration. This is only the case in the following situations:
- Your name is difficult to pronounce for Dutch people.
- You have acquired your husband's surname through marriage and you would like to change this name to your own surname.
- Your name is ridiculous according to the Dutch view. This means that your name has an inappropriate meaning in Dutch.
- Your surname is declined with a male or female conjugation. You can then change your surname to the non-declined name. For example, a change from Bonova to Bonov.
- You have a compound surname, so the name of your mother and your father. One of those names can then become your surname.
Determining or changing of children’s names
Children aged 12 to 15 who are included in the option application may say what they think about the determination or changing of their name. Children aged 16 or 17 must give permission for determination or change of their name.
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4. Pay for application open minusYou have to pay for the application. To find out how much your application costs, visit our web page Fees: costs of an application.
You pay the costs (fees) to the municipality when you submit your application.
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5. Wait for decision on application open minusThe municipality will assess your application for option. The law states that the municipality has 13 weeks to decide on your application. This period is called the decision period. The decision period can be extended once by a maximum of 13 weeks.
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6. Decision on application open minusYou will receive the decision in a letter. The decision will be positive or negative.
- Positive decision: the municipality approves that you become a Dutch national. You do not immediately have Dutch citizenship.
- Negative decision: you will not be granted Dutch nationality. You can appeal against this decision. The letter from the municipality tells you how to do this.
After a positive decision
You have received a positive decision on your application. Read what you still need to do before you become a Dutch citizen.
Signing the Royal Decree on Dutch citizenship
According to the municipality, you meet all the requirements to become a Dutch citizen. The municipality will send this decision to the King of the Netherlands. The king must sign it. With this signature, the king officially gives permission to give you Dutch nationality. This is called a Royal Decree.
Mandatory participation in the naturalisation ceremony
You will only become a Dutch national if you attend the naturalisation ceremony. Attend the ceremony within 1 year of the positive decision. If you do not do this, you will not receive Dutch citizenship. and you will have to submit a new request for option. Municipalities organise the naturalisation ceremonies. The municipality celebrates with you that you have become a Dutch citizen. The naturalisation ceremony also focuses on the meaning of the Dutch nationality.
Children aged 16 and older
If your child was 16 years or older when submitting the application for naturalisation then your child is also required to attend the naturalisation ceremony. If your child is younger than 16, your child does not have to attend the ceremony, but it is allowed.
Read more about the naturalisation ceremony on the website of the Dutch government.
Make the Declaration of Solidarity
During the naturalisation ceremony, you make the declaration of solidarity. You declare that you know that the laws of the Kingdom of the Netherlands also apply to you. You will then receive proof that you have become Dutch: the option decision.
View the brochure Declaration of commitment on the website of the Dutch government.
Apply for a Dutch passport
If you have attended the naturalisation ceremony you have received the naturalisation decision, apply for a Dutch passport at your municipality.
If you have a foreigner or refugee passport, you must hand it in when you collect the Dutch passport.
Renouncing your nationality
Have you become a Dutch citizen because you have lived in the Kingdom of the Netherlands since your 4th birthday? And did you declare in the option declaration that you renounce your other nationality? You can usually renounce your nationality at the embassy or consulate of that country in the Netherlands. Read more about renouncing your nationality.
See also
- Becoming a Dutch national through naturalisation
- Becoming a Dutch national abroad
- Renouncing your nationality
- Brochure How to become a Dutch citizen (only avalailabe in Dutch)
- Brochure You become a Dutch national. What you may and must do (only available in Dutch)
- Brochure Declaration of Solidarity (only available in Dutch: Verklaring van verbondenheid) (Dutch government)
- Frequently asked questions Dutch citizenship
Rules and regulations
- Chapter 3 Netherlands Nationality Act (in Dutch: Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap) (only available in Dutch)
- Article 28 Netherlands Nationality Act (in Dutch: Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap) (only available in Dutch)
Responsible organisation
Immigratie- en Naturalisatiedienst
Questions?
